National trauma
A national trauma is a crisis or a tragic experience which affects the spirit of a nation or an ethnicity, sometimes for generations to come. Large-scale disasters like war or genocide inevitably have this effect, but in an otherwise stable and prosperous country even a specific event (like an assassination of the leader or a transport disaster) can be traumatic.
Examples of national traumas
- Australia: Defeat in the Dardanelles Campaign (Gallipoli), ongoing threat of invasion during Pacific War during World War II (in particular the Bombing of Darwin by Imperial Japan), 2002 Bali bombings
- Argentina: Dirty War
- Cambodia: Cambodian Genocide
- Denmark: Second Schleswig War, Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
- France: Loss of Alsace-Lorraine
- Germany: Treaty of Versailles, defeat in World War II, Berlin Wall
- India: Attack on Parliaments, Mumbai Train Blast, Ahmedabad Bomb Blast
- Iraq: 2003 Invasion of Iraq
- Ireland: Great Famine
- Israel: Holocaust, Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin
- Japan: Black Ships, Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
- Netherlands: Assassinations of Pim Fortuyn and Theo van Gogh (film director)
- Norway : 2011 Norway attacks
- Peru: War of the Pacific
- Portugal: Battle of Alcácer Quibir
- Russia and Soviet Union: Russo-Japanese War, World War I, Russian Civil War, death of Lenin, Nazi occupation of Western parts of the country, death of Stalin, dissolution of Soviet Union, state decision about mourning (to 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash) on national holiday of Cosmonautics Day.
- Spain: Spanish-American War
- Sweden: Treaty of Fredrikshamn, Assassination of Olof Palme, M/S Estonia shipwreck, Gothenburg riots
- Turkey/Ottoman Empire: Treaty of Sèvres
- United Kingdom: Battle of the Somme, Death of Diana, Princess of Wales
- United States: American Civil War, Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, Assassination of John F. Kennedy, September 11, 2001 attacks